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Yale PHYS 200: Fundamentals of Physics I

Contents · 24

  1. 01-Course Introduction and Newtonian MechanicsIntroduces the course’s physics topics, schedule, homework, grading policy, and teaching staff.
  2. 02-Vectors in Multiple DimensionsConstant-acceleration motion, initial position and velocity, and the transition from one-dimensional kinematics to motion in two dimensions.
  3. 03-Newton's Laws of MotionReviews vector components and coordinate transformations, then derives angular speed, period, and centripetal acceleration for circular motion.
  4. 04-Newton's Laws (cont.) and Inclined PlanesNewton’s second law applied to a mass attached to a spring, using Hooke’s law to predict its motion from its initial position.
  5. 05-Work-Energy Theorem and Law of Conservation of EnergyExplains how centripetal acceleration changes a trolley’s velocity direction in a loop, distinguishing acceleration from falling motion and connecting circular motion to orbital motion.
  6. 06-Law of Conservation of Energy in Higher DimensionsIntroduces functions of two variables and partial derivatives, including notation, geometric interpretation, and examples of first and higher derivatives.
  7. 07-Kepler's LawsExplains conservation of mechanical energy, work and potential energy, and how path dependence distinguishes conservative from nonconservative forces.Explains mechanical energy conservation, work and potential energy, and how path dependence distinguishes conservative from nonconservative forces.
  8. 08-Dynamics of a Multiple-Body System and Law of Conservation of MomentumDerives the center-of-mass equation for two interacting bodies, showing that internal forces cancel and external forces govern the system’s motion.
  9. 09-Rotations, Part I: Dynamics of Rigid BodiesIntroduces rigid-body motion, distinguishing translation from rotation and framing the study of planar bodies rotating about a fixed point.
  10. 10-Rotations, Part II: Parallel Axis TheoremRotations Part II summary: moment of inertia, angular velocity and momentum, torque, rotational dynamics, and the parallel axis theorem.Reviews moment of inertia, angular velocity and momentum, torque, rotational dynamics, and the parallel axis theorem.
  11. 11-TorqueStatic equilibrium conditions and torque balance, using a seesaw to show how to choose a pivot and solve for unknown forces.
  12. 12-Introduction to RelativitySpecial relativity introduction: inertial frames, uniform motion, and why motion cannot be detected from inside a closed train.Introduces inertial frames and the principle that uniform motion cannot be detected from inside a closed train.
  13. 13-Lorentz TransformationDerives the Lorentz transformation between moving observers, introducing spacetime coordinates, light-speed invariance, and the Lorentz factor.
  14. 14-Introduction to the Four-VectorLorentz transformations and their consequences: time dilation, length contraction, relativity of simultaneity, and how observers can disagree about the order of separated events.
  15. 15-Four-Vector in RelativityIntroduces Lorentz transformations, the invariant spacetime interval, and the goal of defining relativistic four-momentum using an observer-independent time measure.
  16. 16-The Taylor Series and Other Mathematical ConceptsTaylor series approximations using function values and derivatives near a point.
  17. 17-Simple Harmonic MotionSimple harmonic motion in springs, torsional oscillators, pendulums, and suspended rigid bodies, including restoring torque, moment of inertia, and frequency.
  18. 18-Simple Harmonic Motion (cont.) and Introduction to WavesDamped spring–mass motion without external forcing, including the characteristic roots and decay in the overdamped case.
  19. 19-WavesDerives the string wave equation from tension and mass, applies the small-angle approximation, and introduces traveling-wave solutions of the form f(x − vt).
  20. 20-Fluid Dynamics and Statics and Bernoulli's EquationDefines fluid pressure and density, distinguishes absolute and gauge pressure, and derives how pressure varies with depth in a static fluid.
  21. 21-ThermodynamicsIntroduces thermal equilibrium and temperature, explains when temperature is well-defined, and states the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
  22. 22-The Boltzmann Constant and First Law of ThermodynamicsIntroduces the Kelvin temperature scale, Joule’s mechanical equivalent of heat, and the relationship between heat and mechanical energy as a foundation for the first law of thermodynamics.
  23. 23-The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Carnot's EngineExplains the second law of thermodynamics and Carnot’s engine, building on heat, work, and reversible processes.
  24. 24-The Second Law of Thermodynamics (cont.) and EntropyCarnot engine cycles, efficiency, and Carnot’s claim that no engine operating between the same temperatures can be more efficient. The discussion introduces the Second Law of Thermodynamics via the impossibility of transferring heat from cold to hot as the sole result.